Complex mechanisms regulate gene dosage throughout eukaryotic life cycles.Mechanisms controlling gene dosage have been extensively studied in animals, however it is unknown how generalizable these mechanisms are to diverse eukaryotes.Here, we use the haploid plant Can Punch / Bottle Openers Marchantia polymorpha to assess gene dosage control in its
The mutualistic interspecific relationships of trophobiosis between trophobiont planthoppers Trinket Box (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) providing food to the host called xenobiont, are reviewed.The degree of interspecific relationships between these symbionts varies from occasional or short time duration (a few hours to a few days) to longer ones, with
Prophages as a part of Staphylococcus aureus genome contribute to the genetic diversity as well as survival strategies of their host.Some S.aureus prophages also have an imminent risk of host cell lysis and become a lytic phage.Nonetheless, interactions among S.aureus prophages, lytic phages, and their hosts, as well as the genetic diversity of S.a